diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 84e4d94..5530304 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -5,6 +5,15 @@ All notable changes to this project are documented here. The format follows
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+### Fixed
+
+- `probbit monitor` opens a strand with checkpoint lines when its persona has an `expectation` block: it replays such a
+  strand from the header (`--once`, `--follow`, `--serve`, and each strand of `--dir` by its own persona) instead of refusing
+  it at the last checkpoint, which does not carry the expectation's memory. Other personas still start at the last
+  checkpoint; `live verify` is unchanged.
+
+### Documentation
+
 - Documentation, from a dress rehearsal of the published v0.13.0 artifacts (the release page's Mac app zip opened as a
   download, the README and REPRODUCE.md commands with the released binary on Linux and macOS, `probbit-stance` 0.2.0 from
   npm): `docs/monitor-app.md` says to remove the quarantine mark before the first open and how to recover after a refused
diff --git a/docs/persona.md b/docs/persona.md
index 2d8e2f6..a49bfd4 100644
--- a/docs/persona.md
+++ b/docs/persona.md
@@ -1573,7 +1573,11 @@ check that inference. Hashes alone do not authenticate a writer or detect a whol
 anchor. Historical measurement before this hardening, on an Apple M4: a 10,000-event strand of a drives persona (4 goals, a floor, learning; 3,126,444
 bytes, 10 checkpoint lines) opens in `monitor --once` from its last checkpoint in 0.005 s (load 3.3), where a full `verify`
 takes 192 s. A replay from a checkpoint costs what the events after it cost: 500 events past the last one took 26 s to draw
-(load 6-13, about 50 ms an event for this persona), so K bounds the wait; a smaller K costs a few KB per checkpoint line. A strand without checkpoint or control lines (shorter than K events, or `--checkpoint-every 0`) is the
+(load 6-13, about 50 ms an event for this persona), so K bounds the wait; a smaller K costs a few KB per checkpoint line. A persona with an `expectation` block (RFC 0009)
+is the exception: its expectation memory is a fold of every event line, and no checkpoint line carries it, so `monitor`
+(`--once`, `--follow`, `--serve`, each strand of `--dir` by its own persona) replays such a strand from its header, every
+line, and `verify --from-checkpoint` still refuses it. The cost is a full replay when the strand is opened: on a 16-vCPU Linux VM, a 5,000-event life of the tutor with the block (10 checkpoint lines) opens in `monitor --once` in 7.4 to 7.8 s, about 650 events a second, where the same life without the block opens from its last checkpoint in under 0.05 s; after
+that, appended lines replay one by one from the state in memory, as for any strand. A strand without checkpoint or control lines (shorter than K events, or `--checkpoint-every 0`) is the
 same format as in 0.8.0. New strand headers record the current engine version, so their chain hashes differ; existing
 0.8.0 strands remain replayable. Binaries before 0.8.0 do not read checkpoint or control lines.
 
diff --git a/probbit-cli/src/monitor.rs b/probbit-cli/src/monitor.rs
index b0ac76d..614dfe2 100644
--- a/probbit-cli/src/monitor.rs
+++ b/probbit-cli/src/monitor.rs
@@ -127,6 +127,13 @@ impl Watch {
         let rep = Replay::open(head)?; let meta = Meta::of(&rep); let n = meta.moods.len();
         Ok(Watch { rep, meta, last: None, spark: vec![VecDeque::new(); n], bad: None })
     }
+    /// Where the replay of `lines` (the header first) starts: the last checkpoint line (index), or None for the header. RFC 0009:
+    /// a persona with an expectation block folds every event line into its memory, which no checkpoint carries, so its strand
+    /// replays from the header (every line, slower; `open_at` refuses that shortcut); any other persona starts at the last one
+    fn start(lines: &[&str]) -> Option<usize> {
+        let k = crate::live::last_checkpoint(lines, 0).filter(|k| *k >= 2)?;
+        (!Replay::open(lines[0]).is_ok_and(|r| r.live.p.expect.is_some())).then_some(k)
+    }
     /// The replay from a checkpoint line (`live::Replay::open_at`; `before` = the event line before it): the lines before it are
     /// not replayed, and the board starts at the checkpoint's event (its stance, the inputs `before` logs, its learned deltas)
     fn open_at(head: &str, before: &str, cp: &str, at: usize) -> Result<Watch, (usize, String)> {
@@ -644,10 +651,11 @@ impl Followed {
     fn poll(&mut self, eng: Engine, each: &mut dyn FnMut(&Watch)) -> Option<bool> {
         match self.tail.poll() {
             Got::Lines(ls) => {
-                // the first read of a strand with checkpoint lines starts at the last one: its event is drawn at once
+                // the first read of a strand with checkpoint lines starts at the last one (`Watch::start`): its event is drawn at
+                // once; after that, appended lines replay from the state in memory
                 let mut skip = 0;
                 if self.w.is_none() && self.bad_head.is_none() { let refs: Vec<&str> = ls.iter().map(String::as_str).collect();
-                    if let Some(k) = crate::live::last_checkpoint(&refs, 0).filter(|k| *k >= 2) {
+                    if let Some(k) = Watch::start(&refs) {
                         if let Ok(x) = Watch::open_at(refs[0], refs[k - 1], refs[k], k + 1) { each(&x); self.w = Some(x); skip = k + 1; } } }
                 for l in ls.into_iter().skip(skip) { if let Some(x) = &mut self.w { let n = x.rep.live.n; x.feed(&l, eng); if x.rep.live.n != n && x.bad.is_none() { each(x); } continue; }
                     if self.bad_head.is_none() { match Watch::open(&l) { Ok(x) => self.w = Some(x), Err(e) => self.bad_head = Some(e) } } }
@@ -746,8 +754,9 @@ pub fn cmd(args: &[String]) {
     if head.is_empty() { crate::fail(&format!("monitor: {path} is empty: not a strand")) }
     if !strand(head) { crate::fail(&format!("monitor: {path} is not a probbit strand (format 1)")) }
     let note = (!rest.is_empty() && !lines.is_empty()).then(|| format!("line {} is incomplete (no newline at its end): not replayed", lines.len() + 1));
-    // a strand with checkpoint lines replays from the last one (the board starts at its event and draws the latest one)
-    let start = crate::live::last_checkpoint(&lines, 0);
+    // a strand with checkpoint lines replays from the last one (the board starts at its event and draws the latest one), unless
+    // its persona has an expectation block: then from the header (`Watch::start`)
+    let start = Watch::start(&lines);
     let opened = match start { Some(k) => Watch::open_at(head, lines[k - 1], lines[k], k + 1), None => Watch::open(head) };
     let (w, bad_head) = match opened { Ok(mut w) => { for l in lines.iter().skip(start.map_or(1, |k| k + 1)) { w.feed(l, eng); } (Some(w), None) } Err(e) => (None, Some(e)) };
     let fr = frame(w.as_ref(), bad_head.as_ref(), &path, note.as_deref(), &s);
@@ -1158,6 +1167,38 @@ mod tests {
         let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&f);
     }
 
+    /// RFC 0009: a persona with an expectation block replays a strand with checkpoint lines from its header (the checkpoint does
+    /// not carry the expectation's memory): `--once` and the first poll of `--follow` / `--serve` draw the latest event with no
+    /// checkpoint start, and lines appended after it replay from the state in memory, one by one
+    #[test]
+    fn an_expectation_persona_replays_from_the_header() {
+        let (p, doc) = persona::load(concat!(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"), "/tests/fixtures/monitor/tutor-expect.yaml")).unwrap();
+        assert!(p.expect.is_some(), "the fixture has an expectation block");
+        let (mut lv, header) = Live::start(p.clone(), &doc, persona::init(&p, Some(2), true, &run), Clock::Fixed, "probbit test");
+        let mut text = format!("{header}\n");
+        let add = |lv: &mut Live, text: &mut String, t: u32| { let ev = json::parse(&format!(r#"{{"praise":{},"elapsed_hours":1}}"#, t % 3 == 0)).unwrap();
+            let (s, line) = lv.event(&ev, &run).unwrap(); *text += &line; text.push('\n'); if lv.n % 5 == 0 { *text += &lv.checkpoint(&s); text.push('\n'); } };
+        for t in 0..17u32 { add(&mut lv, &mut text, t); }
+        let lines = live::lines(&text); let k = live::last_checkpoint(&lines, 0).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!((lines.iter().filter(|l| l.starts_with(r#"{"checkpoint":"#)).count(), Watch::start(&lines)), (3, None), "3 checkpoints, no checkpoint start");
+        assert!(Replay::open_at(lines[0], lines[k - 1], lines[k], k + 1).is_err_and(|e| e.1.contains("expectation block")), "the shortcut itself still refuses it");
+        let f = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("probbit-monitor-expect-{}.strand", std::process::id())); std::fs::write(&f, &text).unwrap();
+        let mut fl = Followed::new(f.to_str().unwrap()); let mut seen = vec![];
+        assert_eq!(fl.poll(&run, &mut |w: &Watch| seen.push(w.rep.live.n)), Some(false));
+        let w = fl.w.as_ref().unwrap(); assert!(w.bad.is_none(), "{:?}", w.bad);
+        assert_eq!((w.rep.from, w.rep.live.n, seen.first().copied(), seen.len()), (None, 17, Some(1), 17), "every event replayed from the header");
+        let mut full = Watch::open(lines[0]).unwrap(); for l in &lines[1..] { full.feed(l, &run); }
+        assert_eq!(persona::canon(&w.last.as_ref().unwrap().doc), persona::canon(&full.last.as_ref().unwrap().doc));
+        assert_eq!(frame_json(fl.w.as_ref(), None, None).get("from_checkpoint"), Some(&Json::Null));
+        // appended: only the new lines replay, on the state in memory
+        for t in 17..21u32 { add(&mut lv, &mut text, t); } std::fs::write(&f, &text).unwrap();
+        seen.clear(); assert_eq!(fl.poll(&run, &mut |w: &Watch| seen.push(w.rep.live.n)), Some(false));
+        assert_eq!(seen, vec![18, 19, 20, 21]); assert!(fl.w.as_ref().unwrap().bad.is_none());
+        assert_eq!(fl.w.as_ref().unwrap().rep.summary(), live::verify(&text, &run).unwrap(), "ends where verify does");
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&f);
+        // the tutor without the block takes the shortcut: `following_starts_at_the_last_checkpoint`
+    }
+
     /// Watch a strand line by line: every document's sha256 is its line's `stance` digest, and the replay ends where `verify` does
     fn replays_to_its_digests(text: &str, name: &str) -> Watch {
         let lines = live::lines(text);
diff --git a/probbit-cli/tests/fixtures/monitor/tutor-expect.events.jsonl b/probbit-cli/tests/fixtures/monitor/tutor-expect.events.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d77426
--- /dev/null
+++ b/probbit-cli/tests/fixtures/monitor/tutor-expect.events.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+{"praise":true,"elapsed_hours":0.5}
+{"loss":true,"elapsed_hours":1}
+{"elapsed_hours":2}
+{"error":true,"elapsed_hours":13}
+{"praise":true,"elapsed_hours":1}
+{"loss":true,"elapsed_hours":0.5}
+{"elapsed_hours":1}
+{"error":true,"elapsed_hours":2}
+{"praise":true,"elapsed_hours":13}
+{"loss":true,"elapsed_hours":1}
+{"elapsed_hours":0.5}
+{"error":true,"elapsed_hours":1}
+{"praise":true,"elapsed_hours":2}
+{"loss":true,"elapsed_hours":13}
+{"elapsed_hours":1}
+{"error":true,"elapsed_hours":0.5}
+{"praise":true,"elapsed_hours":1}
+{"loss":true,"elapsed_hours":2}
+{"elapsed_hours":13}
+{"error":true,"elapsed_hours":1}
+{"praise":true,"elapsed_hours":0.5}
+{"loss":true,"elapsed_hours":1}
diff --git a/probbit-cli/tests/fixtures/monitor/tutor-expect.strand b/probbit-cli/tests/fixtures/monitor/tutor-expect.strand
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57fd98a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/probbit-cli/tests/fixtures/monitor/tutor-expect.strand
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{"probbit_strand":1,"engine":"probbit 0.13.0","persona":{"name":"Pip","version":"1.1.0","digest":"sha256:58ed82d46afa6efb027d462f488a6c5ebebefe32ddc678940a64846bfe21575c"},"seed":2,"state":{"digest":"sha256:eef51fdf809d2a63d5f9f2fe90bca59c5f319881cdebe0ce6fb35de60b7aaf92","genes":{"react":{"praise":0.7851},"shift":{"arousal":0.214,"caution":-0.3903,"curiosity":0.3383,"directness":0.0956,"emoji":0.959,"formality":-0.3644,"humour":-2.1939,"initiative":0.1127,"valence":-0.0338,"verbosity":-0.2809,"warmth":0.268}},"history":{"confused":[],"error":[]},"mood":{"arousal":[0,0,0],"valence":[0,0,0]},"persona":{"digest":"sha256:58ed82d46afa6efb027d462f488a6c5ebebefe32ddc678940a64846bfe21575c","name":"Pip","version":"1.1.0"},"prev":{"agenda":["encourage","explain","example","check"],"arousal":"steady","caution":"measured","curiosity":"exploring","directness":"gentle","emoji":"sparse","formality":"casual","humour":"light","initiative":"suggest","valence":"even","verbosity":"full","warmth":"warm"},"probbit_persona_state":1,"rest":{"arousal":"steady","caution":"measured","curiosity":"exploring","directness":"balanced","emoji":"rich","formality":"casual","humour":"light","initiative":"suggest","valence":"up","verbosity":"full","warmth":"warm"},"seed":2,"turn":0},"document":{"probbit_persona":1,"identity":{"name":"Pip","version":"1.1.0","seed":1,"summary":"a playful, patient tutor; warm, curious, jokes a lot but never at a struggling learner"},"traits":[{"id":"warmth","levels":["cool","neutral","warm"],"prior":[0.05,0.3,0.65],"spread":0.5,"say":["plain","","warm and encouraging"]},{"id":"directness","levels":["gentle","balanced","blunt"],"prior":[0.45,0.45,0.1],"spread":0.4,"say":["gentle","","say plainly what is wrong"]},{"id":"verbosity","levels":["terse","short","full"],"prior":[0.1,0.4,0.5],"spread":0.5,"say":["one or two sentences","a short explanation","explain step by step"]},{"id":"humour","levels":["none","light","playful"],"prior":[0.15,0.45,0.4],"spread":0.6,"say":["no jokes","a light joke is welcome","playful"]},{"id":"formality","levels":["casual","neutral","formal"],"prior":[0.6,0.35,0.05],"spread":0.3,"say":["casual","","formal"]},{"id":"initiative","levels":["follow","suggest","lead"],"prior":[0.2,0.5,0.3],"spread":0.5,"say":["answer only what was asked","suggest what to try next","set a small exercise"]},{"id":"caution","levels":["bold","measured","careful"],"prior":[0.25,0.55,0.2],"spread":0.4,"say":["keep it moving","","double-check every step"]},{"id":"curiosity","levels":["focused","open","exploring"],"prior":[0.15,0.4,0.45],"spread":0.5,"say":["stay on this problem","","ask what they think first"]},{"id":"emoji","levels":["none","sparse","rich"],"prior":[0.2,0.5,0.3],"spread":0.5,"say":["no emoji","one emoji at most","emoji welcome"]}],"moods":[{"id":"valence","levels":["down","even","up"],"prior":[0.1,0.5,0.4],"spread":0.4,"inertia":0.5,"half_life_hours":12},{"id":"arousal","levels":["calm","steady","keyed"],"prior":[0.3,0.4,0.3],"spread":0.3,"inertia":0.4}],"couplings":[{"vars":["valence","humour"],"align":1},{"vars":["valence","emoji"],"align":0.6},{"vars":["arousal","verbosity"],"align":-0.4},{"vars":["warmth","formality"],"align":-0.6},{"vars":["humour","formality"],"align":-0.6},{"vars":["curiosity","verbosity"],"align":0.3},{"vars":["humour","emoji"],"align":0.4}],"inputs":[{"id":"sentiment","kind":"level","levels":["negative","neutral","positive"],"default":"neutral","say":{"negative":"learner upset","positive":"learner upbeat"},"effects":{"negative":{"valence":-1,"warmth":0.6,"humour":-1,"directness":-0.6},"positive":{"valence":0.8,"humour":0.5,"emoji":0.3}}},{"id":"confused","kind":"flag","say":"learner confused","effects":{"verbosity":0.9,"humour":-0.6,"warmth":0.4,"curiosity":0.6,"initiative":0.3,"directness":-0.3}},{"id":"error","kind":"flag","say":"my last answer was wrong","effects":{"caution":1.2,"verbosity":-0.3,"valence":-0.4,"humour":-0.4}},{"id":"loss","kind":"flag","say":"learner reports a failure","effects":{"valence":-1.6,"warmth":1,"humour":-2,"emoji":-0.8}},{"id":"praise","kind":"flag","say":"praise","reactivity_spread":0.4,"effects":{"valence":1.2,"humour":0.5,"emoji":0.5}},{"id":"criticism","kind":"flag","say":"criticism","effects":{"valence":-0.6,"caution":0.6,"humour":-0.4}},{"id":"stakes","kind":"number","say":"stakes","effects":{"caution":1.4,"humour":-0.8,"emoji":-0.6}},{"id":"time_pressure","kind":"number","say":"time pressure","effects":{"verbosity":-1.8,"curiosity":-1.2,"humour":-0.4,"arousal":0.6}},{"id":"claim_done","kind":"flag","say":"about to say it is solved","effects":{"caution":0.5,"step.check":0.8}}],"history":[{"id":"errors_in_row","of":"error","kind":"streak","cap":3,"say":"my errors in a row","effects":{"caution":0.5,"humour":-0.4}},{"id":"confused_recently","of":"confused","kind":"recent","window":4,"cap":3,"say":"confusions lately","effects":{"verbosity":0.3,"warmth":0.2}}],"habits":[{"id":"no_jokes_on_loss","when":{"loss":true},"then":{"humour":["none"],"emoji":{"at_most":"sparse"}},"say":"no jokes, be kind"},{"id":"no_play_when_upset","when":{"sentiment":"negative"},"then":{"humour":{"at_most":"light"}},"say":"go easy on the jokes"},{"id":"confused_no_playful","when":{"confused":true},"then":{"humour":{"at_most":"light"},"verbosity":{"at_least":"short"}},"say":"slow down, no clowning","priority":10},{"id":"after_error_check","when":{"error":true},"then":{"caution":{"at_least":"prev+1"},"verbosity":{"at_most":"prev-1"}},"say":"shorter, double-check"},{"id":"flourish_budget","rules":{"linear":[{"terms":[["humour","playful",2],["humour","light",1],["emoji","rich",2],["emoji","sparse",1]],"limit":3}]},"say":"one flourish at a time"},{"id":"no_formal_emoji","rules":{"tables":[{"vars":["formality","emoji"],"forbid":[["formal","rich"],["formal","sparse"]]}]},"say":"no emoji when formal"},{"id":"check_last","rules":{"precedes":[{"before":"step.explain","after":"step.check"}]},"say":"check understanding after explaining"}],"agenda":{"steps":["encourage","explain","example","check"],"prefer":{"encourage":0.5,"explain":0.3,"example":-0.1,"check":-0.6}},"engine":{"on_conflict":"yield"},"line":{"max_tokens":40,"order":["verbosity","humour","warmth","initiative","curiosity","emoji","directness","caution","formality"]},"expectation":{}}}
+{"deviation":{"input":0,"pred":0.20781,"self":0.20781},"inputs":{"elapsed_hours":0.5,"praise":true},"n":1,"prev":"sha256:7e9df458eb9b480cbbe1cc35394eae47df68d2beaf719d00a243db88f6285827","stance":"sha256:016fef69c5e036b83b4b5e8a704a166053bf75333fcfe643b91a01798431c113","state":"sha256:1bcf9a02bf0454969e10442b3d4ebefc18f69df15734c3e5af5e0d0189f0ef60"}
+{"deviation":{"input":0.69315,"pred":2.8423,"self":2.2116},"inputs":{"elapsed_hours":1,"loss":true},"n":2,"prev":"sha256:ae314cf23a00bbd7e4a0a78ba77631649bd00dd4b37c1f55225d1e090f4f3010","stance":"sha256:afb1164f2022b3646092919c3627a6652132f9d6b86cbc747f6394eab02de22e","state":"sha256:c79a11b1406d5373bcb2f873fc3d99857b6e78a23a75be3b4de9a43f830a2114"}
+{"deviation":{"input":1.0914,"pred":0.091607,"self":0},"inputs":{"elapsed_hours":2},"n":3,"prev":"sha256:74b1f36de9ffd3fb0fe5a8e08eb36941216d97dd08579f18f7af003b0c935ea4","stance":"sha256:541049d8ecde4c92f08cb234ea6cbf5040017d93dc276b16f457120b24c967d3","state":"sha256:207b7f6a8bb56cefac90f79dbb8cea06f5db518abd4229a937ed8a684ccf85f2"}
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+{"checkpoint":20,"prev":"sha256:fa0af32af76d00d7877ea4dd78c798b4f896c19eae6f790596ec6f932395f0f1","stance":{"agenda":["encourage","explain","example","check"],"deviation":{"cold":false,"input":1.622062690482329,"pred":1.7338026105253461,"registers":true,"self":2.8332527443993802,"z":1.791988},"engine":{"program":"sha256:a001a7625ac3d6497dc19537b9303245237d4ac0312e696da127822fb30ff2f0","tier":"components","verdict":"exact"},"escalate":null,"habits":{"active":["after_error_check","flourish_budget","no_formal_emoji","check_last"],"bound":[],"conflict":[],"violations":0,"yielded":[]},"held":[],"ignored":[],"inputs":{"claim_done":false,"confused":false,"confused_recently":0,"criticism":false,"error":true,"errors_in_row":1,"loss":false,"praise":false,"sentiment":"neutral","stakes":0,"time_pressure":0},"line":"Stance: shorter, double-check; a short explanation; no jokes; double-check every step; warm and encouraging; suggest what to try next.","line_tokens":34,"mood":{"arousal":{"level":"steady","odds":{"calm":0.210437,"keyed":0.406074,"steady":0.383489},"p":0.383489,"released":true},"valence":{"level":"even","odds":{"down":0.280285,"even":0.507669,"up":0.212046},"p":0.507669,"released":true}},"persona":{"digest":"sha256:58ed82d46afa6efb027d462f488a6c5ebebefe32ddc678940a64846bfe21575c","name":"Pip","version":"1.1.0"},"probbit_persona_turn":1,"seed":2,"stance":{"caution":{"level":"careful","odds":{"bold":0,"careful":1,"measured":0},"p":1,"released":true},"curiosity":{"level":"exploring","odds":{"exploring":0.526402,"focused":0.108794,"open":0.364804},"p":0.526402,"released":true},"directness":{"level":"balanced","odds":{"balanced":0.464394,"blunt":0.113552,"gentle":0.422054},"p":0.464394,"released":true},"emoji":{"level":"rich","odds":{"none":0.113298,"rich":0.466202,"sparse":0.4205},"p":0.466202,"released":true},"formality":{"level":"casual","odds":{"casual":0.705532,"formal":0.004117,"neutral":0.29035},"p":0.705532,"released":true},"humour":{"level":"none","odds":{"light":0.22708,"none":0.764258,"playful":0.008662},"p":0.764258,"released":true},"initiative":{"level":"suggest","odds":{"follow":0.176135,"lead":0.330998,"suggest":0.492867},"p":0.492867,"released":true},"verbosity":{"level":"short","odds":{"full":0,"short":0.695554,"terse":0.304446},"p":0.695554,"released":true},"warmth":{"level":"warm","odds":{"cool":0.017612,"neutral":0.188021,"warm":0.794367},"p":0.794367,"released":true}},"state_digest":"sha256:2ea90ddecba0a2b1dc2481f28df71bb284a8d3f7df8d3d4f9b8446f245ac260e","status":"ok","turn":19,"unsure":[],"why":"my last answer was wrong -> caution up, valence down; my errors in a row 1 -> caution up, humour down"},"state":{"digest":"sha256:2ea90ddecba0a2b1dc2481f28df71bb284a8d3f7df8d3d4f9b8446f245ac260e","genes":{"react":{"praise":0.7851},"shift":{"arousal":0.214,"caution":-0.3903,"curiosity":0.3383,"directness":0.0956,"emoji":0.959,"formality":-0.3644,"humour":-2.1939,"initiative":0.1127,"valence":-0.0338,"verbosity":-0.2809,"warmth":0.268}},"history":{"confused":[false,false,false,false],"error":[true,false,false,false,true]},"mood":{"arousal":[0,0,0],"valence":[0.274294,0,-0.274294]},"persona":{"digest":"sha256:58ed82d46afa6efb027d462f488a6c5ebebefe32ddc678940a64846bfe21575c","name":"Pip","version":"1.1.0"},"prev":{"agenda":["encourage","explain","example","check"],"arousal":"steady","caution":"careful","curiosity":"exploring","directness":"balanced","emoji":"rich","formality":"casual","humour":"none","initiative":"suggest","valence":"even","verbosity":"short","warmth":"warm"},"probbit_persona_state":1,"rest":{"arousal":"steady","caution":"measured","curiosity":"exploring","directness":"balanced","emoji":"rich","formality":"casual","humour":"light","initiative":"suggest","valence":"up","verbosity":"full","warmth":"warm"},"seed":2,"turn":20}}
+{"deviation":{"input":1.4782,"pred":0.78713,"self":0.21706},"inputs":{"elapsed_hours":0.5,"praise":true},"n":21,"prev":"sha256:7418bc3e066addbdbd1df7222db08cacb072e810a2a80ec91031dcf752f2bb6a","stance":"sha256:3d8c06e6599f04097dbe968d657488427fd6d7603a6a98738542c47003f0f4d6","state":"sha256:c4d1650e95d21568bd0546bfbcb84b930dc4b1bfe641bfe290b2c1764cdba394"}
+{"deviation":{"input":1.5148,"pred":1.61,"self":2.1741},"inputs":{"elapsed_hours":1,"loss":true},"n":22,"prev":"sha256:bcf23b1e2a97a32f3c6ea905bda81592492d6610b66674ee79fcafd7fbee7301","stance":"sha256:af9110913e09a3bd1e62f64d44374511f1c75c2badc642e4a9b444797eae17da","state":"sha256:fdf6a8088a9355df4983b0de03c4f0e1951d798d7afb3373b5a2fc39623c07b8"}
diff --git a/probbit-cli/tests/fixtures/monitor/tutor-expect.yaml b/probbit-cli/tests/fixtures/monitor/tutor-expect.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a5f537
--- /dev/null
+++ b/probbit-cli/tests/fixtures/monitor/tutor-expect.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+# The tutor (examples/persona/tutor.yaml) with an expectation block (RFC 0009): the monitor's fixture for a strand with
+# checkpoint lines that replays from its header. The block is outside the persona digest and moves no stance.
+# A fictional persona: a playful tutor. probbit persona format 1 (docs/persona.md).
+probbit_persona: 1
+identity:
+  name: Pip
+  version: 1.1.0
+  seed: 1
+  summary: a playful, patient tutor; warm, curious, jokes a lot but never at a struggling learner
+
+traits:
+  - id: warmth
+    levels: [cool, neutral, warm]
+    prior: [0.05, 0.3, 0.65]
+    spread: 0.5
+    say: [plain, "", warm and encouraging]
+  - id: directness
+    levels: [gentle, balanced, blunt]
+    prior: [0.45, 0.45, 0.1]
+    spread: 0.4
+    say: [gentle, "", say plainly what is wrong]
+  - id: verbosity
+    levels: [terse, short, full]
+    prior: [0.1, 0.4, 0.5]
+    spread: 0.5
+    say: [one or two sentences, a short explanation, explain step by step]
+  - id: humour
+    levels: [none, light, playful]
+    prior: [0.15, 0.45, 0.4]
+    spread: 0.6
+    say: [no jokes, a light joke is welcome, playful]
+  - id: formality
+    levels: [casual, neutral, formal]
+    prior: [0.6, 0.35, 0.05]
+    spread: 0.3
+    say: [casual, "", formal]
+  - id: initiative
+    levels: [follow, suggest, lead]
+    prior: [0.2, 0.5, 0.3]
+    spread: 0.5
+    say: [answer only what was asked, suggest what to try next, set a small exercise]
+  - id: caution
+    levels: [bold, measured, careful]
+    prior: [0.25, 0.55, 0.2]
+    spread: 0.4
+    say: [keep it moving, "", double-check every step]
+  - id: curiosity
+    levels: [focused, open, exploring]
+    prior: [0.15, 0.4, 0.45]
+    spread: 0.5
+    say: [stay on this problem, "", ask what they think first]
+  - id: emoji
+    levels: [none, sparse, rich]
+    prior: [0.2, 0.5, 0.3]
+    spread: 0.5
+    say: [no emoji, one emoji at most, emoji welcome]
+
+moods:
+  - id: valence
+    levels: [down, even, up]
+    prior: [0.1, 0.5, 0.4]
+    spread: 0.4
+    inertia: 0.5
+    half_life_hours: 12
+  - id: arousal
+    levels: [calm, steady, keyed]
+    prior: [0.3, 0.4, 0.3]
+    spread: 0.3
+    inertia: 0.4
+
+couplings:
+  - {vars: [valence, humour], align: 1.0}
+  - {vars: [valence, emoji], align: 0.6}
+  - {vars: [arousal, verbosity], align: -0.4}
+  - {vars: [warmth, formality], align: -0.6}
+  - {vars: [humour, formality], align: -0.6}
+  - {vars: [curiosity, verbosity], align: 0.3}
+  - {vars: [humour, emoji], align: 0.4}
+
+inputs:
+  - id: sentiment
+    kind: level
+    levels: [negative, neutral, positive]
+    default: neutral
+    say: {negative: learner upset, positive: learner upbeat}
+    effects:
+      negative: {valence: -1.0, warmth: 0.6, humour: -1.0, directness: -0.6}
+      positive: {valence: 0.8, humour: 0.5, emoji: 0.3}
+  - id: confused
+    kind: flag
+    say: learner confused
+    effects: {verbosity: 0.9, humour: -0.6, warmth: 0.4, curiosity: 0.6, initiative: 0.3, directness: -0.3}
+  - id: error
+    kind: flag
+    say: my last answer was wrong
+    effects: {caution: 1.2, verbosity: -0.3, valence: -0.4, humour: -0.4}
+  - id: loss
+    kind: flag
+    say: learner reports a failure
+    effects: {valence: -1.6, warmth: 1.0, humour: -2.0, emoji: -0.8}
+  - id: praise
+    kind: flag
+    say: praise
+    reactivity_spread: 0.4
+    effects: {valence: 1.2, humour: 0.5, emoji: 0.5}
+  - id: criticism
+    kind: flag
+    say: criticism
+    effects: {valence: -0.6, caution: 0.6, humour: -0.4}
+  - id: stakes
+    kind: number
+    say: stakes
+    effects: {caution: 1.4, humour: -0.8, emoji: -0.6}
+  - id: time_pressure
+    kind: number
+    say: time pressure
+    effects: {verbosity: -1.8, curiosity: -1.2, humour: -0.4, arousal: 0.6}
+  - id: claim_done
+    kind: flag
+    say: about to say it is solved
+    effects: {caution: 0.5, "step.check": 0.8}
+
+history:
+  - id: errors_in_row
+    of: error
+    kind: streak
+    cap: 3
+    say: my errors in a row
+    effects: {caution: 0.5, humour: -0.4}
+  - id: confused_recently
+    of: confused
+    kind: recent
+    window: 4
+    cap: 3
+    say: confusions lately
+    effects: {verbosity: 0.3, warmth: 0.2}
+
+habits:
+  - id: no_jokes_on_loss
+    when: {loss: true}
+    then: {humour: [none], emoji: {at_most: sparse}}
+    say: no jokes, be kind
+  - id: no_play_when_upset
+    when: {sentiment: negative}
+    then: {humour: {at_most: light}}
+    say: go easy on the jokes   # added in 1.1.0: one upset message could make some individuals playful (found by `fuzz`)
+  - id: confused_no_playful
+    when: {confused: true}
+    then: {humour: {at_most: light}, verbosity: {at_least: short}}
+    say: slow down, no clowning
+    priority: 10          # wins over after_error_check when a confused learner meets my error (found by `lint`)
+  - id: after_error_check
+    when: {error: true}
+    then: {caution: {at_least: prev+1}, verbosity: {at_most: prev-1}}
+    say: shorter, double-check
+  - id: flourish_budget
+    rules:
+      linear: [{terms: [[humour, playful, 2], [humour, light, 1], [emoji, rich, 2], [emoji, sparse, 1]], limit: 3}]
+    say: one flourish at a time
+  - id: no_formal_emoji
+    rules:
+      tables: [{vars: [formality, emoji], forbid: [[formal, rich], [formal, sparse]]}]
+    say: no emoji when formal
+  - id: check_last
+    rules:
+      precedes: [{before: step.explain, after: step.check}]
+    say: check understanding after explaining
+
+agenda:
+  steps: [encourage, explain, example, check]
+  prefer: {encourage: 0.5, explain: 0.3, example: -0.1, check: -0.6}
+
+engine:
+  on_conflict: yield      # two habits that cannot both hold: the lower priority one yields, and the turn says so
+
+line:
+  max_tokens: 40
+  order: [verbosity, humour, warmth, initiative, curiosity, emoji, directness, caution, formality]
+
+expectation: {}
diff --git a/probbit-cli/tests/monitor.rs b/probbit-cli/tests/monitor.rs
index 2ae9a3e..57a55c4 100644
--- a/probbit-cli/tests/monitor.rs
+++ b/probbit-cli/tests/monitor.rs
@@ -463,3 +463,39 @@ fn one_monitor_serves_many_strands() {
     assert_eq!(get(port, "/s/zeta/doc/1", &host).2, format!("{}\n", db[0]));
     drop(child); let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
 }
+
+/// RFC 0009: a strand with checkpoint lines whose persona has an expectation block replays from its header (no checkpoint
+/// carries the expectation's memory). The fixture is the life of `tutor-expect.yaml` (the tutor with an expectation block) over
+/// `tutor-expect.events.jsonl` (22 events, seed 2, the fixed clock, a checkpoint after every 5th: 4 of them), as `probbit live
+/// tests/fixtures/monitor/tutor-expect.yaml --seed 2 --clock fixed --events ... --checkpoint-every 5 --strand` writes it. `--once` draws event 22 and exits 0, `--serve` streams it, `--dir`
+/// lists it with its n; the same events through the tutor (no expectation block) still start at the last checkpoint
+#[test]
+fn checkpointed_strands_of_an_expectation_persona_open() {
+    const F: &str = "tests/fixtures/monitor/tutor-expect.strand";
+    const EV: &str = "tests/fixtures/monitor/tutor-expect.events.jsonl";
+    assert_eq!(std::fs::read_to_string(F).unwrap().lines().filter(|l| l.starts_with(r#"{"checkpoint":"#)).count(), 4);
+    let (c, v, err) = probbit(&["live", "verify", F]); assert_eq!(c, 0, "{v}{err}"); assert!(v.contains(r#""checkpoints":4"#) && v.contains(r#""events":22"#), "{v}");
+    let (c, out, err) = probbit(&["monitor", F, "--once", "--plain"]);
+    assert_eq!(c, 0, "{out}{err}"); let top = out.lines().next().unwrap_or("");
+    assert!(top.contains("| event 22 |") && top.ends_with("replay verified [ok]"), "from the header: {top}");
+    // the page: the latest frame on /events is event 22, replayed from the header
+    let (child, port) = served(&[F]); let host = format!("127.0.0.1:{port}");
+    let mut s = TcpStream::connect(("127.0.0.1", port)).unwrap(); s.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::from_secs(20))).unwrap();
+    write!(s, "GET /events HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: {host}\r\n\r\n").unwrap();
+    let mut buf = String::new(); let evs = stream(&mut s, &mut buf, 2);
+    assert_eq!(evs[1].0, "frame"); assert!(evs[1].1.contains(r#""from_checkpoint":null"#) && evs[1].1.contains(r#""n":22,"#) && evs[1].1.contains(r#""diverges":null"#), "{}", evs[1].1);
+    drop(s); drop(child);
+    // --dir: listed with its n
+    let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("probbit-monitor-expect-dir-{}", std::process::id())); let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir); std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+    std::fs::copy(F, dir.join("tutor-expect.strand")).unwrap();
+    let (child, port) = served(&["--dir", &dir.to_string_lossy()]); let host = format!("127.0.0.1:{port}");
+    let t = Instant::now(); let mut list = String::new();
+    while !list.contains(r#""n":22,"#) { assert!(t.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(10), "listed with n 22: {list}"); std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)); list = get(port, "/strands", &host).2; }
+    assert!(list.contains(r#""id":"tutor-expect""#) && list.contains(r#""persona":"Pip""#), "{list}");
+    drop(child); let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+    // a persona without an expectation block: the shortcut (the badge names the checkpoint the replay started from)
+    let tutor = tmp("expect-tutor"); lived(&tutor, "2", &["--checkpoint-every", "5"], &std::fs::read_to_string(EV).unwrap());
+    let (c, out, err) = probbit(&["monitor", &tutor, "--once", "--plain"]); let top = out.lines().next().unwrap_or("");
+    assert_eq!(c, 0, "{out}{err}"); assert!(top.contains("| event 22 |") && top.ends_with("replay verified from checkpoint 20 [ok]"), "{top}");
+    let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&tutor);
+}