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gl-lei
algorithm
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//
// QuickSort.swift
// Sort
//
// Created by ggl on 2019/4/18.
// Copyright © 2019年 ggl. All rights reserved.
// 快速排序
import Foundation
/// 快速排序
/// 最坏时间复杂度O(N^2),平均时间复杂度O(N*logN)
/// 假设被排序的数据有N个数,遍历一次的时间复杂度是O(N),需要遍历多少次呢?至少log(N+1)次,最多N次
/// 快速排序是采用分治法进行遍历的,我们将其比作一棵二叉树,它需要遍历的次数就是二叉树的深度。根据二叉树的定义,它的深度至少是log(N+1),最大是N
/// 快速排序不是稳定的排序算法
func quickSort(_ array: [Int]) -> [Int] {
var sortArray = array
quickSortDecompose(&sortArray, low: 0, high: sortArray.count-1)
return sortArray
}
/// 分解(分治思想)
///
/// - Parameters:
/// - array: 要排序的数组
/// - p: 数组最小下标
/// - r: 数组最大下标
func quickSortDecompose(_ array: inout [Int], low: Int, high: Int) {
if low < high {
let key = partition(&array, low: low, high: high)
quickSortDecompose(&array, low: low, high: key - 1)
quickSortDecompose(&array, low: key + 1, high: high)
}
}
/// 拆分(分治思想)
///
/// - Parameters:
/// - array: 要排序的数组
/// - low: 数组最小下标
/// - high: 数组最大下标
/// - Returns: 关键点pivotKey(下标)
func partition(_ array: inout [Int], low: Int, high: Int) -> Int {
var i = low, j = high
let pivotKey = array[j]
while i < j {
while i < j && array[i] <= pivotKey {
i += 1
}
array[j] = array[i]
while i < j && array[j] >= pivotKey {
j -= 1
}
array[i] = array[j]
}
// 将pivotKey的值赋值给i或者j指向的位置(i和j此时指向同一个位置)
array[i] = pivotKey
return i
}
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