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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="description" content="What is Linux?">
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<title>What is Linux?</title>
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<a class="list-group-item " href="what-is-an-perating-system.html"><span class="fa fa-square"></span> What is an Operating System?</a>
<a class="list-group-item " href="unix-history.html"><span class="fa fa-square"></span> UNIX History</a>
<a class="list-group-item active" href="what-is-linux.html"><span class="fa fa-square"></span> What is Linux?</a>
<a class="list-group-item " href="linux-filesystem.html"><span class="fa fa-square"></span> Linux filesystem</a>
<a class="list-group-item" href="gnu-linux-filesystem-structure.html"><span class="fa fa-square"></span> GNU / Linux filesystem structure</a>
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<h1>What is Linux?</h1>
</div>
<ul>
<li>A clone of Unix</li>
<li>Developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds, a Finnish graduate student</li>
<li>Inspired by and replacement of Minix</li>
<li>Linus' Minix became Linux</li>
<li>
Consist of
<ul>
<li>Linux Kernel</li>
<li>GNU (GNU is Not Unix) Software</li>
<li>Software Package management</li>
<li>Others</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Originally developed for 32-bit x86-based PC</li>
<li>
Ported to other architectures, eg.
<ul>
<li>Alpha, VAX, PowerPC, IBM S/390, MIPS, IA-64</li>
<li>PS2, TiVo, cellphones, watches, Nokia N810, NDS, routers, NAS, GPS, …</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Linux uses many tools developed as part of Berkeley’s BSD operating system, MIT’s X Window System, and the Free Software Foundation's GNU project. The main system libraries were started by the GNU project, with improvements provided by the Linux community. Linux networking-administration tools were derived from 4.3BSD code; recent BSD derivatives such as Free BSD have borrowed code from Linux in return. The Linux system is maintained by a loose network of developers collaborating over the Internet, with a small number of public ftp sites acting as de facto standard repositories</p>
<p>File System Hierarchy Standard document maintained by the Linux community to ensure compatibility across the various system components</p>
<ul>
<li>Specifies overall layout of a standard Linux file system, determines under which directory names configuration files, libraries, system binaries, and run-time data files should be stored</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<h1>Which Linux Distribution is better?</h1>
<ul>
<li>More the 300 Linux Distributions available worldwide</li>
<li>Slackware (one of the oldest, simple and stable distro.)</li>
<li>
Redhat
<ul>
<li>RHEL (commercially support)</li>
<li>Fedora (free)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>CentOS (free RHEL, based in England)</li>
<li>SuSe ( based in German)</li>
<li>Gentoo (Source code based)</li>
<li>Debian (one of the few called GNU/Linux)</li>
<li>Ubuntu (based in South Africa)</li>
<li>Knoppix (first LiveCD distro.)</li>
<li>and more ...</li>
</ul>
<p>Before selecting to youse any linux disto, Ask yourself these questions</p>
<ol>
<li>Is it going to be around in 5 yrs?</li>
<li>Is it giong to stay on top of the latest security patches?</li>
<li>Is it going to release updated software promptly?</li>
<li>If I have problems, will the vendor talk to me?</li>
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