fix(core): Handle callback errors

[adinauer]

PR Stack (Callback Errors)

• fix(core): Handle callback errors #6140
• fix(core): [Callback Errors 1] Report callback failures #6141
• fix(core): [Callback Errors 2] Drop failed processor data #6142
• fix(core): [Callback Errors 3] Drop failed breadcrumbs #6143

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📜 Description

Collects the callback error handling PR stack. The collection branch intentionally contains only an empty commit; the implementation lands through the stacked PRs below it.

💡 Motivation and Context

Filtering callback failures must not allow potentially partially processed telemetry to continue through the pipeline. This stack distinguishes callback failures in client reports and consistently drops affected telemetry or breadcrumbs.

• resolves: Align callback error handling with other SDKs #6081

💚 How did you test it?

The cumulative stack passes focused sentry tests for SentryClientTest, ScopeTest, ScopesTest, and ClientReportTest, plus :sentry:apiCheck.

📝 Checklist

• I added GH Issue ID & Linear ID
• I added tests to verify the changes.
• No new PII added or SDK only sends newly added PII if sendDefaultPII is enabled.
• I updated the docs if needed.
• I updated the wizard if needed.
• Review from the native team if needed.
• No breaking change or entry added to the changelog.
• No breaking change for hybrid SDKs or communicated to hybrid SDKs.
• Public API changes reviewed by another Mobile SDK team member or implemented according to the develop docs spec.

🔮 Next steps

Merge the stack PRs bottom to top using merge commits, then squash-merge this collection PR into main.

[github-actions]

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🚫	Please consider adding a changelog entry for the next release.

Instructions and example for changelog

Please add an entry to CHANGELOG.md to the "Unreleased" section. Make sure the entry includes this PR's number.

Example:

## Unreleased

### Fixes

- Handle callback errors ([#6140](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/6140))

If none of the above apply, you can opt out of this check by adding #skip-changelog to the PR description or adding a skip-changelog label.

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[sentry]

📲 Install Builds

Android

🔗 App Name	App ID	Version	Configuration
SDK Size	io.sentry.tests.size	8.57.0 (1)	release

⚙️ sentry-android Build Distribution Settings