feat(go-ci): let callers raise the lint timeout

.github/workflows/go-ci.yml

@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ on:
       golangci-lint-version:
         type: string
         default: 'v2.12.2'
+      golangci-lint-timeout:
+        description: 'Timeout passed to golangci-lint. Raise it for a large module or one with a cold build cache - setup-go only caches the module cache, not the build cache, so a big repo can typecheck every package and dependency from scratch within this window.'
+        type: string
+        default: '5m'
       gosec-version:
         type: string
         default: 'v2.28.0'
@@ -326,12 +330,28 @@ jobs:
           check-latest: true
           cache-dependency-path: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}/go.mod
 
+      # golangci-lint's package loader gets export data for every dependency
+      # by reading GOCACHE, same as a plain build. setup-go's cache only
+      # covers the module download cache, so on a fresh runner GOCACHE starts
+      # empty and lint ends up compiling everything itself, uncached, inside
+      # the timeout above. Building here fills GOCACHE for lint to reuse a
+      # moment later on the same runner, and fails fast with a plain compiler
+      # error if the module does not build at all, instead of a confusing
+      # lint timeout. Costs a few seconds on a small module; saves much more
+      # on a large one.
+      - name: Warm build cache
+        shell: bash
+        working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          go build ./...
+
       - name: Run golangci-lint
         uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v9
         with:
           version: ${{ inputs.golangci-lint-version }}
           working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
-          args: --timeout=5m
+          args: --timeout=${{ inputs.golangci-lint-timeout }}
 
   verify:
     name: Verify